Jewel Cichlid (Hemichromis bimaculatus)

Overview

Common Name: Jewel Cichlid
Scientific Name: Hemichromis bimaculatus
Region of Origin: West Africa
Maximum Size: 6 inches (15 cm)
Minimum Tank Size: 40 gallons (solo or pair); 55+ for community setups
Lifespan: 5–7 years
Care Level: Intermediate
Temperament: Aggressive
Preferred Tank Zone: Middle
Schooling Behavior: No – highly territorial

Description:
Jewel Cichlids are brilliantly colored fish that shimmer with intense red, orange, and blue tones across their scales, especially during breeding. Native to rivers and streams in West Africa, they are extremely territorial and best suited to species-only tanks or kept as breeding pairs. Despite their aggression, they’re hardy, adaptable, and visually stunning.

Jewel Cichlid (Hemichromis bimaculatus) with vibrant red scales and iridescent spots on a black background
Jewel Cichlid – Hemichromis bimaculatus, native to West African streams

Water Parameters

  • Temperature: 75–80°F (24–27°C)
  • pH Range: 6.5–7.5
  • Water Hardness (GH): 4–12 dGH
  • Carbonate Hardness (KH): 3–10 dKH
  • Water Type: Freshwater, slightly acidic to neutral

Aquascape Recommendations

  • Rocky or driftwood-heavy aquascape with hiding places
  • Use sand or fine gravel substrate
  • Avoid overly bright lighting; floating plants help diffuse light
  • Keep layout simple to reduce territorial disputes

Feeding & Diet

Diet Type: Omnivore

Core Diet

  • High-quality cichlid pellets
  • Color-enhancing flakes or sticks
  • Blanched vegetables (zucchini, spinach)

Supplements & Treats

  • Frozen or live bloodworms
  • Mysis shrimp
  • Brine shrimp

Feeding Notes:
Jewel Cichlids have a hearty appetite. A varied diet with both plant and protein sources helps maintain coloration and energy. Avoid feeding overly fatty foods long term.

Behavior & Compatibility

  • Temperament: Aggressive and territorial, especially during breeding
  • Best Tank Mates: Other robust African cichlids (with caution), large barbs, or catfish
  • Avoid Housing With: Small, peaceful species or slow fish
  • Territorial Behavior: Extremely territorial; pairs may kill tank mates during breeding
  • Behavior Type: Bottom-to-mid dwelling; aggressive pair bonding
  • Activity Level: Very active and responsive

Breeding

  • Breeding Method: Substrate spawner
  • Breeding Setup: Flat rocks or pots for egg laying; dim lighting preferred
  • Spawning Behavior: Pair bonds form quickly; female lays eggs on a flat surface and guards the nest aggressively
  • Fry Care: Parents guard eggs and fry; separate tank recommended for successful rearing
  • Note: Aggression skyrockets during spawning — tank dividers may be needed